Dharana is the concentration on an object but still with some distractions so that while the concentration occurs it only happens in short bursts. Dyana or meditation happens when the mind is able to focus, without distraction, on an object for longer periods of time. Samadhi starts when the differences between the object and mediator or dissolved and become one.
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3.4-3.6 Samyama is the finer tool
Samyama is the combination of Dharana, Dyana and Samadhi. As swamji explains the stages are interdependent and proceed in an order:
Attention ---- Concentration ---- Meditation ---- Samadhi
Iyengar notes that while some people have “flashes” of Samadhi, such as musicians or painters when they are totally absorbed in their art. Most people can not skip stages and that regular practice and discipline as developed through the lower rungs are the way to continuous Samadhi. Swamji however states that not all stages of consciousness such as the sides. Iyengar warns that skipping steps however can be problematic such as in the cases of Kundalini awakenings.
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3.7-3.8 Internal is seen to be external
As we have progressed through the 8 rungs of yoga from the asanas to dharna to dyana to Samadhi, it would appear that we are moving further and further into our body and mind. Samyama would, at first, appear to be the innermost levels, however in these two sutras Patanjali explains that once seedless or nirbija Samadhi is reached, even samyama is realized to be external.
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